Tuning a piano, unlike other instruments, is a job for professionals. But what if it could tune itself?<\/p>\n
Most musicians can tune their instruments whenever they like. The exception is the pianist, who typically isn\u2019t trained to tune the piano\u2019s 200-plus strings. Instead, both amateur and professional piano players must hire a technician to get their instrument in shape. But Don Gilmore has accomplished an engineering feat that he says could do away with the need for tuners: a self-tuning piano.<\/p>\n
Gilmore, a mechanical engineer whose day job is to make customized machinery for the military ammunition industry, started developing a mechanical self-tuning device in 1993. But, a new idea soon overshadowed the project.<\/p>\n
One evening as Gilmore sat in his Kansas City home watching a \u201cCheers\u201d rerun, he had the elusive inventor\u2019s epiphany: why not run a current through each string to change its frequency? So, Gilmore walked over to his pile of instruments\u2014he is an amateur musician from a long line of music men, including a great-grandfather who composed Methodist hymnals and a grandfather who was a bandleader, saxophonist and singer\u2014and grabbed his steel string guitar. He hooked one string to the alligator clips of a variable desktop DC power supply and was able to change the string\u2019s tuning by applying one or two volts.<\/p>\n
The same idea, he thought, could be applied to a piano.<\/p>\n
First, Gilmore, whose expertise is in mechanics, had to teach himself electronics. He worked through around 12 prototypes before finally coming up with the current version of his electronic piano tuner.<\/p>\n
The system starts when the player pushes an \u201con\u201d button, located on the lower right side, directly under the keys. Next, individual circuit boards activate magnetic coils that simultaneously sustain the notes from all of the piano\u2019s strings. An infrared sensor measures each string\u2019s frequency, or how fast it is vibrating, and a computer compares that frequency with a note that was previously recorded after a tuning by a professional (and human) piano technician. If the original tuning seems off\u2014room size and temperature, for example, can affect how the piano sounds\u2014the owner can retune the piano and save that setting in the computer.<\/p>\n
If the pitch needs adjustment, the system sends an electrical current through springs that touch each string\u2019s tuning peg, heating it slightly to around 95 degrees. The heated strings expand, lowering the pitch.<\/p>\n
But, the strings can\u2019t be cooled in order to raise the pitch. Explains Gilmore: \u201cThe piano is tuned while the strings are warm. When you switch it off, all the strings go sharp (tighter) when they cool, which is its natural state.\u201d So, in theory, the device will never have to increase the frequency in any of the strings.<\/p>\n
The system tunes a piano in under two minutes and the device remains on while it is played. Gilmore estimates that the tuner costs seven cents an hour to run.<\/p>\n
QRS, a company that makes player pianos, licensed Gilmore\u2019s technology in 1999 (first, the mechanical device, and later, the electronic version). But, the company wasn\u2019t able to put the time and money into further developing the idea, and when the five-year contract ran out, Gilmore decided not to renew.<\/p>\n
Today, he\u2019s tinkering with the device on his own, sending CAD circuit drawings to a Sierra Circuits in Sunnyville, California. The process has drawbacks. Once, says Gilmore, half of the chips on the main circuit board were inadvertently soldered on backwards. Another time, Gilmore ran the voltage too high and blew out all of the circuits on another board. Each mistake requires reshipping the circuits between Kansas City and California.<\/p>\n
Another problem is who might use the device. Gilmore estimates the price at around $1,000. A regular tuning costs around $100, and the casual player has their piano tuned just once or twice a year. If you break out the cost of keeping a piano in tune daily, the $1,000 price tag isn\u2019t so bad. Still, the average player may balk at the cost.<\/p>\n
Concert pianos, on the other hand, are tuned once or twice daily. But, says Bruce Brubaker, Chair Piano at the New England Conservatory, the self-tuning piano might not help. Aside from tuning, two key factors to a piano\u2019s sound are voicing, which impacts the tone, and regulation, which changes how heavy the keys feel. In concert pianos, technicians often service the tuning, voicing and regulation, says Brubaker. While technicians tune more often than anything else, an automatic tuner wouldn\u2019t totally replace them. Changes in a piano\u2019s sound due to room size and temperature could also require extra service.<\/p>\n
Kent Webb, the technical manager at piano manufacturer Steinway and Sons in Queens, NY, which also services pianos for Carnegie Hall and the New York Philharmonic, worries about the placement of the circuit board, how well the tuner will match the subtleties of each note and the impact of the heat on the piano\u2019s wood: \u201cWe\u2019re always thrilled by seeing people try to do something new with pianos, but we also must look critically at how it is going to affect the long term integrity of an instrument.\u201d<\/p>\n
But, if Gilmore can overcome some of these obstacles, \u201cit could be a very marketable and helpful device.\u201d<\/p>\n
Gilmore is still looking for a manufacturer, after which he\u2019ll decide whether his invention might be installed when the piano is made, or if it will come as a kit that a user can install at home.<\/p>\n
Webb is doubtful that Steinway, one of the few remaining U.S. piano makers, will use the device with its current design. Still, Steinway makes just 2,500 pianos annually. At least a million more are manufactured globally each year, mostly in China, and making The Self-Tuning Piano on a large scale could drive down the price. \u201cEven if I got one percent of that, I\u2019d be tickled,\u201d says Gilmore.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tuning a piano, unlike other instruments, is a job for professionals. But what if it could tune itself? Most musicians can tune their instruments whenever they like. The exception is the pianist, who typically isn\u2019t trained to tune the piano\u2019s 200-plus strings. Instead, both amateur and professional piano players must hire a technician to get their instrument in shape. But Don Gilmore has accomplished an engineering feat that he says […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1441,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-featured-articles"],"yoast_head":"\n